The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships
Identifieur interne : 004476 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004475; suivant : 004477The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships
Auteurs : David B. Norman [Royaume-Uni] ; Alfred W. Crompton [États-Unis] ; Richard J. Butler [Royaume-Uni, Allemagne] ; Laura B. Porro [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Alan J. CharigSource :
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society [ 0024-4082 ] ; 2011-09.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Reptile.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abbreviation, Abrictosaurus, Abrictosaurus consors, Academic press, Accessory, Accessory ridges, Acta, Active tooth replacement, Adductor, Adductor chamber, Adductor fossa, Adductor mandibulae externus, Adductor muscles, Adjacent crowns, African museum, Agilisaurus, Alveolar foramina, Alveolar margin, Alveolus, Ange, Anges, Angustidens, Anterior, Anterior margin, Anterior process, Anteriorly, Anterodorsal, Anterolateral, Anteromedial, Anteroposterior, Anteroposteriorly, Anteroventral, Antorbital, Antorbital fossa, Apical, Apicobasally, Archaeoceratops, Arched diastema, Archive, Archosaur, Articular, Articular facets, Articular glenoid, Articulates, Articulation, Attened, Attridge, Autapomorphies, Barrett, Basal, Basal articulation, Basal ceratopsians, Basal ornithischians, Basal ornithischians lesothosaurus, Basal ornithopods, Basal position, Basioccipital, Basipterygoid, Basipterygoid process, Basipterygoid processes, Basisphenoid, Beak, Benton, Berkeley, Bevelled, Braincase, Buccal, Butler, California press, Cambridge university press, Caniniform, Caniniforms, Cape town, Caudal, Ceratopsian, Changchunsaurus, Charig, Charig crompton, Cheek teeth, Cingulum, Clade, Clarens, Clarens formation, Complete skull, Condyle, Connective tissue, Consors, Contra, Contra thulborn, Coronoid, Coronoid eminence, Coronoid process, Cranial, Cranial anatomy, Cranial nerve, Cranial pneumatism, Cretaceous, Crocodilian, Crompton, Crompton attridge, Crompton charig, Crown, Dentary, Dentary caniniform, Dentary crowns, Dentary dentition, Dentary symphysis, Dentary teeth, Dentary tooth, Denticle, Dentition, Diapsid, Diastema, Digit, Dinosaur, Dinosauria, Distal margins, Distally, Dodson, Dorsal, Dorsal edge, Dorsal margin, Dorsal portion, Dorsal surface, Dorsal view, Dorsally, Dorsolateral, Dorsoventrally, Early evolution, Early jurassic, Eastern cape province, Ectopterygoid, Elliot, Enamel, Epipophyses, Exoccipital, Extant diapsids, External antorbital fenestra, External mandibular fenestra, External surface, Externus, Facet, Femoral, Femur, Fenestra, Foramen, Foramen magnum, Fossa, Fossa trochanteris, Fossil, Fruitadens, Full list, Further preparation, Galton, Gauthier, Geranosaurus, Glenoid, Goyocephale, Greater trochanter, Groove, Haughton, Herbivorous, Herrerasaurus, Herschel district, Heterodontosaur, Heterodontosaurid, Heterodontosauridae, Heterodontosauridae marginocephalia clade, Heterodontosaurids, Heterodontosaurus, Heterodontosaurus tucki, Heterodontosaurus tucki crompton charig, Holliday, Holliday witmer, Holotype, Holotype specimen, Hopson, Humerus, Hypsilophodon, Ilium, Infratemporal, Infratemporal fenestra, Inner wall, Insertion, Inset, Ischial, Ischium, Ivpp, Jugal, Jugal boss, Jurassic, Karoo, Kitching, Labial, Labial surface, Lacrimal, Lamina, Lanasaurus, Langer benton, Late triassic, Lateral, Lateral aspect, Lateral margins, Lateral surface, Lateral surfaces, Lateral view, Lateral wall, Lateral walls, Laterally, Laterosphenoid, Lesothosaurus, Lingual, Linnean, Linnean society, Little support, Lower cretaceous, Lower jaws, Lower jurassic, Luca, Lycorhinus, Main body, Mamem, Mamep, Mames, Mamp, Mandible, Mandibulae, Mandibular, Manual phalanges, Manus, Margin, Marginocephalia, Marginocephalian, Maryanska, Matrix, Maxilla, Maxillary, Maxillary crowns, Maxillary dentition, Maxillary ridge, Maxillary teeth, Maxillary tooth, Medial, Medial surface, Medial view, Medially, Median, Mediolateral, Mediolaterally, Mesial, Mesiodistally, Metacarpal, Metatarsal, Midline, Morphology, Mptp, Musculature, Narial, Narial fossa, Naris, Nasal, Natural history, Nhmuk, Norman barrett, Norman weishampel, Nova, Nsul, Oblique, Occiput, Occlusal, Occlusal surface, Occlusal surfaces, Occlusal view, Olshevsky, Ontogenetic, Opisthotic, Oral margin, Orbital, Orbital cavity, Orbital margin, Orientated, Original specimen, Ornithischia, Ornithischian, Ornithischian dinosaurs, Ornithischian outgroups, Ornithopod, Ornithopod dinosaurs, Ornithopoda, Orodromeus, Osteological, Osteological correlates, Osteology, Ostrom, Other heterodontosaurids, Other ornithischians, Other specimens, Outgroups, Pachycephalosaur, Palaeontology, Palatal, Palate, Palatine, Paleontology, Palpebral, Paraquadratic, Paraquadratic foramen, Parasphenoid, Parietal, Parietals, Paroccipital, Paroccipital process, Paroccipital processes, Paroccipital wing, Paroccipital wings, Partial skull, Peduncle, Pendent, Pers, Phalange, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Phylogenetic position, Phylogeny, Plesiomorphic, Plesiomorphy, Pneumatism, Pocc, Porro, Postacetabular, Postacetabular process, Postcaniniform, Postcaniniform crowns, Postcranial, Postcranial skeleton, Postdentary, Postdentary bones, Posterior, Posterior antorbital fenestra, Posterior edge, Posterior margin, Posterior margins, Posterior portion, Posterior ridges, Posteriorly, Posterodorsal, Posterodorsally, Posterolateral, Posterolateral premaxillary process, Posterolateral process, Postorbital, Preacetabular, Preacetabular process, Prearticular, Predentary, Prefrontal, Premaxilla, Premaxillary, Premaxillary caniniform, Premaxillary crowns, Premaxillary teeth, Prenocephale, Preorbital, Prepubic, Prepubic process, Presacral vertebrae, Primary ridge, Principal ridge, Psittacosauridae, Pterygoid, Pterygoid wing, Pterygoideus, Pterygoids, Pubic, Pubic peduncle, Pubis, Quadrate, Quadrate shaft, Quadrate wing, Quadratojugal, Raath, Ramus, Recess, Recurved, Replacement crown, Replacement crowns, Reptile, Reptilia, Retroarticular, Retroarticular process, Right side, Robust, Romer, Rostral, Royal society, Rugose, Sagittal, Sagittal crest, Santa luca, Saurischian, Sauropodomorphs, Scalpridens, Scapula, Scelidosaurus, Sereno, Serration, Sister group, Skull, Skull length, Southern africa, Special foramina, Splenial, Squamosal, Stormberg, Stormberg series, Stratigraphical, Subequal, Sulcus, Supraoccipital, Supratemporal, Supratemporal fenestra, Supratemporal fenestrae, Surangular, Sutural, Suture, Sutured, Symphysis, Synapomorphy, Systematic palaeontology, Systematics, Taxon, Taxon numbers, Taxonomic, Taxonomy, Tendon, Theropod, Thulborn, Thyreophoran, Tooth replacement, Topology, Triassic, Trigeminal, Trigeminal fossa, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tucki, Unpubl, Upchurch, Upper elliot formation, Upper margin, Upper portion, Upper triassic, Ventral, Ventral edge, Ventral margin, Ventral process, Ventral surface, Ventral view, Ventrally, Ventrolateral, Vertebra, Vertebrate, Vertebrate paleontology, Vomer, Weishampel, Weishampel witmer, Witmer, Yates, Yinlong, Zhao, Zoological, Zoological journal.
- Teeft :
- Abbreviation, Abrictosaurus, Abrictosaurus consors, Academic press, Accessory, Accessory ridges, Acta, Active tooth replacement, Adductor, Adductor chamber, Adductor fossa, Adductor mandibulae externus, Adductor muscles, Adjacent crowns, African museum, Agilisaurus, Alveolar foramina, Alveolar margin, Alveolus, Ange, Anges, Angustidens, Anterior, Anterior margin, Anterior process, Anteriorly, Anterodorsal, Anterolateral, Anteromedial, Anteroposterior, Anteroposteriorly, Anteroventral, Antorbital, Antorbital fossa, Apical, Apicobasally, Archaeoceratops, Arched diastema, Archive, Archosaur, Articular, Articular facets, Articular glenoid, Articulates, Articulation, Attened, Attridge, Autapomorphies, Barrett, Basal, Basal articulation, Basal ceratopsians, Basal ornithischians, Basal ornithischians lesothosaurus, Basal ornithopods, Basal position, Basioccipital, Basipterygoid, Basipterygoid process, Basipterygoid processes, Basisphenoid, Beak, Benton, Berkeley, Bevelled, Braincase, Buccal, Butler, California press, Cambridge university press, Caniniform, Caniniforms, Cape town, Caudal, Ceratopsian, Changchunsaurus, Charig, Charig crompton, Cheek teeth, Cingulum, Clade, Clarens, Clarens formation, Complete skull, Condyle, Connective tissue, Consors, Contra, Contra thulborn, Coronoid, Coronoid eminence, Coronoid process, Cranial, Cranial anatomy, Cranial nerve, Cranial pneumatism, Cretaceous, Crocodilian, Crompton, Crompton attridge, Crompton charig, Crown, Dentary, Dentary caniniform, Dentary crowns, Dentary dentition, Dentary symphysis, Dentary teeth, Dentary tooth, Denticle, Dentition, Diapsid, Diastema, Digit, Dinosaur, Dinosauria, Distal margins, Distally, Dodson, Dorsal, Dorsal edge, Dorsal margin, Dorsal portion, Dorsal surface, Dorsal view, Dorsally, Dorsolateral, Dorsoventrally, Early evolution, Early jurassic, Eastern cape province, Ectopterygoid, Elliot, Enamel, Epipophyses, Exoccipital, Extant diapsids, External antorbital fenestra, External mandibular fenestra, External surface, Externus, Facet, Femoral, Femur, Fenestra, Foramen, Foramen magnum, Fossa, Fossa trochanteris, Fossil, Fruitadens, Full list, Further preparation, Galton, Gauthier, Geranosaurus, Glenoid, Goyocephale, Greater trochanter, Groove, Haughton, Herbivorous, Herrerasaurus, Herschel district, Heterodontosaur, Heterodontosaurid, Heterodontosauridae, Heterodontosauridae marginocephalia clade, Heterodontosaurids, Heterodontosaurus, Heterodontosaurus tucki, Heterodontosaurus tucki crompton charig, Holliday, Holliday witmer, Holotype, Holotype specimen, Hopson, Humerus, Hypsilophodon, Ilium, Infratemporal, Infratemporal fenestra, Inner wall, Insertion, Inset, Ischial, Ischium, Ivpp, Jugal, Jugal boss, Jurassic, Karoo, Kitching, Labial, Labial surface, Lacrimal, Lamina, Lanasaurus, Langer benton, Late triassic, Lateral, Lateral aspect, Lateral margins, Lateral surface, Lateral surfaces, Lateral view, Lateral wall, Lateral walls, Laterally, Laterosphenoid, Lesothosaurus, Lingual, Linnean, Linnean society, Little support, Lower cretaceous, Lower jaws, Lower jurassic, Luca, Lycorhinus, Main body, Mamem, Mamep, Mames, Mamp, Mandible, Mandibulae, Mandibular, Manual phalanges, Manus, Margin, Marginocephalia, Marginocephalian, Maryanska, Matrix, Maxilla, Maxillary, Maxillary crowns, Maxillary dentition, Maxillary ridge, Maxillary teeth, Maxillary tooth, Medial, Medial surface, Medial view, Medially, Median, Mediolateral, Mediolaterally, Mesial, Mesiodistally, Metacarpal, Metatarsal, Midline, Morphology, Mptp, Musculature, Narial, Narial fossa, Naris, Nasal, Natural history, Nhmuk, Norman barrett, Norman weishampel, Nova, Nsul, Oblique, Occiput, Occlusal, Occlusal surface, Occlusal surfaces, Occlusal view, Olshevsky, Ontogenetic, Opisthotic, Oral margin, Orbital, Orbital cavity, Orbital margin, Orientated, Original specimen, Ornithischia, Ornithischian, Ornithischian dinosaurs, Ornithischian outgroups, Ornithopod, Ornithopod dinosaurs, Ornithopoda, Orodromeus, Osteological, Osteological correlates, Osteology, Ostrom, Other heterodontosaurids, Other ornithischians, Other specimens, Outgroups, Pachycephalosaur, Palaeontology, Palatal, Palate, Palatine, Paleontology, Palpebral, Paraquadratic, Paraquadratic foramen, Parasphenoid, Parietal, Parietals, Paroccipital, Paroccipital process, Paroccipital processes, Paroccipital wing, Paroccipital wings, Partial skull, Peduncle, Pendent, Pers, Phalange, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Phylogenetic position, Phylogeny, Plesiomorphic, Plesiomorphy, Pneumatism, Pocc, Porro, Postacetabular, Postacetabular process, Postcaniniform, Postcaniniform crowns, Postcranial, Postcranial skeleton, Postdentary, Postdentary bones, Posterior, Posterior antorbital fenestra, Posterior edge, Posterior margin, Posterior margins, Posterior portion, Posterior ridges, Posteriorly, Posterodorsal, Posterodorsally, Posterolateral, Posterolateral premaxillary process, Posterolateral process, Postorbital, Preacetabular, Preacetabular process, Prearticular, Predentary, Prefrontal, Premaxilla, Premaxillary, Premaxillary caniniform, Premaxillary crowns, Premaxillary teeth, Prenocephale, Preorbital, Prepubic, Prepubic process, Presacral vertebrae, Primary ridge, Principal ridge, Psittacosauridae, Pterygoid, Pterygoid wing, Pterygoideus, Pterygoids, Pubic, Pubic peduncle, Pubis, Quadrate, Quadrate shaft, Quadrate wing, Quadratojugal, Raath, Ramus, Recess, Recurved, Replacement crown, Replacement crowns, Reptile, Reptilia, Retroarticular, Retroarticular process, Right side, Robust, Romer, Rostral, Royal society, Rugose, Sagittal, Sagittal crest, Santa luca, Saurischian, Sauropodomorphs, Scalpridens, Scapula, Scelidosaurus, Sereno, Serration, Sister group, Skull, Skull length, Southern africa, Special foramina, Splenial, Squamosal, Stormberg, Stormberg series, Stratigraphical, Subequal, Sulcus, Supraoccipital, Supratemporal, Supratemporal fenestra, Supratemporal fenestrae, Surangular, Sutural, Suture, Sutured, Symphysis, Synapomorphy, Systematic palaeontology, Systematics, Taxon, Taxon numbers, Taxonomic, Taxonomy, Tendon, Theropod, Thulborn, Thyreophoran, Tooth replacement, Topology, Triassic, Trigeminal, Trigeminal fossa, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tucki, Unpubl, Upchurch, Upper elliot formation, Upper margin, Upper portion, Upper triassic, Ventral, Ventral edge, Ventral margin, Ventral process, Ventral surface, Ventral view, Ventrally, Ventrolateral, Vertebra, Vertebrate, Vertebrate paleontology, Vomer, Weishampel, Weishampel witmer, Witmer, Yates, Yinlong, Zhao, Zoological, Zoological journal.
Abstract
The cranial anatomy of the Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962 is described in detail for the first time on the basis of two principal specimens: the holotype (SAM‐PK‐K337) and referred skull (SAM‐PK‐K1332). In addition several other specimens that have a bearing on the interpretation of the anatomy and biology of Heterodontosaurus are described. The skull and lower jaw of Heterodontosaurus are compact and robust but perhaps most notable for the heterodont dentition that merited the generic name. Details of the cranial anatomy are revealed and show that the skull is unexpectedly specialized in such an early representative of the Ornithischia, including: the closely packed, hypsodont crowns and ‘warping’ of the occlusal surfaces (created by progressive variation in the angulation of wear on successive crowns) seen in the cheek dentition; the unusual sutural relationships between the bones along the dorsal edge of the lower jaw; the very narrow, deeply vaulted palate and associated structures on the side wall of the braincase; and the indications of cranial pneumatism (more commonly seen in basal archosaurs and saurischian dinosaurs). Evidence for tooth replacement (which has long been recognized, despite frequent statements to the contrary) is suggestive of an episodic, rather than continuous, style of tooth replacement that is, yet again, unusual in diapsids generally and particularly so amongst ornithischian dinosaurs. Cranial musculature has been reconstructed and seems to conform to that typically seen in diapsids, with the exception of the encroachment of M. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis across the lateral surface of the temporal region and external surface of the lower jaw. Indications, taken from the unusual shape of the occlusal surfaces of the cheek dentition and jaw musculature, are suggestive of a novel form of jaw action in this dinosaur. The taxonomy of currently known late Karoo‐aged heterodontosaurids from southern Africa is reviewed. Although complicated by the inadequate nature of much of the known material, it is concluded that two taxa may be readily recognized: H. tucki and Abrictosaurus consors. At least one additional taxon is recognized within the taxa presently named Lanasaurus and Lycorhinus; however, both remain taxonomically problematic and their status needs to be further tested and may only be resolved by future discoveries. The only other named taxon, Geranosaurus atavus, represents an invalid name. The recognition of at least four distinct taxa indicates that the heterodontosaurids were speciose within the late Karoo ecosystem. The systematics of Heterodontosaurus and its congeners has been analysed, using a restricted sample of taxa. A basal (nongenasaurian) position within Ornithischia is re‐affirmed. There are at least four competing hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic placement of the Heterodontosauridae, so the evidence in support of the various hypotheses is reviewed in some detail. At present the best‐supported hypothesis is the one which places Heterodontosauridae in a basal (non‐genasaurian) position; however, the evidence is not fully conclusive and further information is still needed in respect of the anatomy of proximate outgroups, as well as more complete anatomical details for other heterodontosaurids. Heterodontosaurids were not such rare components of the late Karoo ecosystem as previously thought; evidence also suggests that from a phylogenetic perspective they occupied a potentially crucial position during the earliest phases of ornithischian dinosaur evolution. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00697.x
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Bavière, District de Haute-Bavière, Illinois, Massachusetts
- Cambridge, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Munich
- Université Harvard, Université de Cambridge
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Le document en format XML
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Charig</name></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</title><title level="j" type="alt">ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY</title><idno type="ISSN">0024-4082</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-3642</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">163</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="182">182</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="276">276</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">95</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-09">2011-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0024-4082</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0024-4082</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Abbreviation</term><term>Abrictosaurus</term><term>Abrictosaurus consors</term><term>Academic press</term><term>Accessory</term><term>Accessory ridges</term><term>Acta</term><term>Active tooth replacement</term><term>Adductor</term><term>Adductor chamber</term><term>Adductor fossa</term><term>Adductor mandibulae externus</term><term>Adductor muscles</term><term>Adjacent crowns</term><term>African museum</term><term>Agilisaurus</term><term>Alveolar foramina</term><term>Alveolar margin</term><term>Alveolus</term><term>Ange</term><term>Anges</term><term>Angustidens</term><term>Anterior</term><term>Anterior margin</term><term>Anterior process</term><term>Anteriorly</term><term>Anterodorsal</term><term>Anterolateral</term><term>Anteromedial</term><term>Anteroposterior</term><term>Anteroposteriorly</term><term>Anteroventral</term><term>Antorbital</term><term>Antorbital fossa</term><term>Apical</term><term>Apicobasally</term><term>Archaeoceratops</term><term>Arched diastema</term><term>Archive</term><term>Archosaur</term><term>Articular</term><term>Articular facets</term><term>Articular glenoid</term><term>Articulates</term><term>Articulation</term><term>Attened</term><term>Attridge</term><term>Autapomorphies</term><term>Barrett</term><term>Basal</term><term>Basal articulation</term><term>Basal ceratopsians</term><term>Basal ornithischians</term><term>Basal ornithischians lesothosaurus</term><term>Basal ornithopods</term><term>Basal position</term><term>Basioccipital</term><term>Basipterygoid</term><term>Basipterygoid process</term><term>Basipterygoid processes</term><term>Basisphenoid</term><term>Beak</term><term>Benton</term><term>Berkeley</term><term>Bevelled</term><term>Braincase</term><term>Buccal</term><term>Butler</term><term>California press</term><term>Cambridge university press</term><term>Caniniform</term><term>Caniniforms</term><term>Cape town</term><term>Caudal</term><term>Ceratopsian</term><term>Changchunsaurus</term><term>Charig</term><term>Charig crompton</term><term>Cheek teeth</term><term>Cingulum</term><term>Clade</term><term>Clarens</term><term>Clarens formation</term><term>Complete skull</term><term>Condyle</term><term>Connective tissue</term><term>Consors</term><term>Contra</term><term>Contra thulborn</term><term>Coronoid</term><term>Coronoid eminence</term><term>Coronoid process</term><term>Cranial</term><term>Cranial anatomy</term><term>Cranial nerve</term><term>Cranial pneumatism</term><term>Cretaceous</term><term>Crocodilian</term><term>Crompton</term><term>Crompton attridge</term><term>Crompton charig</term><term>Crown</term><term>Dentary</term><term>Dentary caniniform</term><term>Dentary crowns</term><term>Dentary dentition</term><term>Dentary symphysis</term><term>Dentary teeth</term><term>Dentary tooth</term><term>Denticle</term><term>Dentition</term><term>Diapsid</term><term>Diastema</term><term>Digit</term><term>Dinosaur</term><term>Dinosauria</term><term>Distal margins</term><term>Distally</term><term>Dodson</term><term>Dorsal</term><term>Dorsal edge</term><term>Dorsal margin</term><term>Dorsal portion</term><term>Dorsal surface</term><term>Dorsal view</term><term>Dorsally</term><term>Dorsolateral</term><term>Dorsoventrally</term><term>Early evolution</term><term>Early jurassic</term><term>Eastern cape province</term><term>Ectopterygoid</term><term>Elliot</term><term>Enamel</term><term>Epipophyses</term><term>Exoccipital</term><term>Extant diapsids</term><term>External antorbital fenestra</term><term>External mandibular fenestra</term><term>External surface</term><term>Externus</term><term>Facet</term><term>Femoral</term><term>Femur</term><term>Fenestra</term><term>Foramen</term><term>Foramen magnum</term><term>Fossa</term><term>Fossa trochanteris</term><term>Fossil</term><term>Fruitadens</term><term>Full list</term><term>Further preparation</term><term>Galton</term><term>Gauthier</term><term>Geranosaurus</term><term>Glenoid</term><term>Goyocephale</term><term>Greater trochanter</term><term>Groove</term><term>Haughton</term><term>Herbivorous</term><term>Herrerasaurus</term><term>Herschel district</term><term>Heterodontosaur</term><term>Heterodontosaurid</term><term>Heterodontosauridae</term><term>Heterodontosauridae marginocephalia clade</term><term>Heterodontosaurids</term><term>Heterodontosaurus</term><term>Heterodontosaurus tucki</term><term>Heterodontosaurus tucki crompton charig</term><term>Holliday</term><term>Holliday witmer</term><term>Holotype</term><term>Holotype specimen</term><term>Hopson</term><term>Humerus</term><term>Hypsilophodon</term><term>Ilium</term><term>Infratemporal</term><term>Infratemporal fenestra</term><term>Inner wall</term><term>Insertion</term><term>Inset</term><term>Ischial</term><term>Ischium</term><term>Ivpp</term><term>Jugal</term><term>Jugal boss</term><term>Jurassic</term><term>Karoo</term><term>Kitching</term><term>Labial</term><term>Labial surface</term><term>Lacrimal</term><term>Lamina</term><term>Lanasaurus</term><term>Langer benton</term><term>Late triassic</term><term>Lateral</term><term>Lateral aspect</term><term>Lateral margins</term><term>Lateral surface</term><term>Lateral surfaces</term><term>Lateral view</term><term>Lateral wall</term><term>Lateral walls</term><term>Laterally</term><term>Laterosphenoid</term><term>Lesothosaurus</term><term>Lingual</term><term>Linnean</term><term>Linnean society</term><term>Little support</term><term>Lower cretaceous</term><term>Lower jaws</term><term>Lower jurassic</term><term>Luca</term><term>Lycorhinus</term><term>Main body</term><term>Mamem</term><term>Mamep</term><term>Mames</term><term>Mamp</term><term>Mandible</term><term>Mandibulae</term><term>Mandibular</term><term>Manual phalanges</term><term>Manus</term><term>Margin</term><term>Marginocephalia</term><term>Marginocephalian</term><term>Maryanska</term><term>Matrix</term><term>Maxilla</term><term>Maxillary</term><term>Maxillary crowns</term><term>Maxillary dentition</term><term>Maxillary ridge</term><term>Maxillary teeth</term><term>Maxillary tooth</term><term>Medial</term><term>Medial surface</term><term>Medial view</term><term>Medially</term><term>Median</term><term>Mediolateral</term><term>Mediolaterally</term><term>Mesial</term><term>Mesiodistally</term><term>Metacarpal</term><term>Metatarsal</term><term>Midline</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Mptp</term><term>Musculature</term><term>Narial</term><term>Narial fossa</term><term>Naris</term><term>Nasal</term><term>Natural history</term><term>Nhmuk</term><term>Norman barrett</term><term>Norman weishampel</term><term>Nova</term><term>Nsul</term><term>Oblique</term><term>Occiput</term><term>Occlusal</term><term>Occlusal surface</term><term>Occlusal surfaces</term><term>Occlusal view</term><term>Olshevsky</term><term>Ontogenetic</term><term>Opisthotic</term><term>Oral margin</term><term>Orbital</term><term>Orbital cavity</term><term>Orbital margin</term><term>Orientated</term><term>Original specimen</term><term>Ornithischia</term><term>Ornithischian</term><term>Ornithischian dinosaurs</term><term>Ornithischian outgroups</term><term>Ornithopod</term><term>Ornithopod dinosaurs</term><term>Ornithopoda</term><term>Orodromeus</term><term>Osteological</term><term>Osteological correlates</term><term>Osteology</term><term>Ostrom</term><term>Other heterodontosaurids</term><term>Other ornithischians</term><term>Other specimens</term><term>Outgroups</term><term>Pachycephalosaur</term><term>Palaeontology</term><term>Palatal</term><term>Palate</term><term>Palatine</term><term>Paleontology</term><term>Palpebral</term><term>Paraquadratic</term><term>Paraquadratic foramen</term><term>Parasphenoid</term><term>Parietal</term><term>Parietals</term><term>Paroccipital</term><term>Paroccipital process</term><term>Paroccipital processes</term><term>Paroccipital wing</term><term>Paroccipital wings</term><term>Partial skull</term><term>Peduncle</term><term>Pendent</term><term>Pers</term><term>Phalange</term><term>Phylogenetic</term><term>Phylogenetic analysis</term><term>Phylogenetic position</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Plesiomorphic</term><term>Plesiomorphy</term><term>Pneumatism</term><term>Pocc</term><term>Porro</term><term>Postacetabular</term><term>Postacetabular process</term><term>Postcaniniform</term><term>Postcaniniform crowns</term><term>Postcranial</term><term>Postcranial skeleton</term><term>Postdentary</term><term>Postdentary bones</term><term>Posterior</term><term>Posterior antorbital fenestra</term><term>Posterior edge</term><term>Posterior margin</term><term>Posterior margins</term><term>Posterior portion</term><term>Posterior ridges</term><term>Posteriorly</term><term>Posterodorsal</term><term>Posterodorsally</term><term>Posterolateral</term><term>Posterolateral premaxillary process</term><term>Posterolateral process</term><term>Postorbital</term><term>Preacetabular</term><term>Preacetabular process</term><term>Prearticular</term><term>Predentary</term><term>Prefrontal</term><term>Premaxilla</term><term>Premaxillary</term><term>Premaxillary caniniform</term><term>Premaxillary crowns</term><term>Premaxillary teeth</term><term>Prenocephale</term><term>Preorbital</term><term>Prepubic</term><term>Prepubic process</term><term>Presacral vertebrae</term><term>Primary ridge</term><term>Principal ridge</term><term>Psittacosauridae</term><term>Pterygoid</term><term>Pterygoid wing</term><term>Pterygoideus</term><term>Pterygoids</term><term>Pubic</term><term>Pubic peduncle</term><term>Pubis</term><term>Quadrate</term><term>Quadrate shaft</term><term>Quadrate wing</term><term>Quadratojugal</term><term>Raath</term><term>Ramus</term><term>Recess</term><term>Recurved</term><term>Replacement crown</term><term>Replacement crowns</term><term>Reptile</term><term>Reptilia</term><term>Retroarticular</term><term>Retroarticular process</term><term>Right side</term><term>Robust</term><term>Romer</term><term>Rostral</term><term>Royal society</term><term>Rugose</term><term>Sagittal</term><term>Sagittal crest</term><term>Santa luca</term><term>Saurischian</term><term>Sauropodomorphs</term><term>Scalpridens</term><term>Scapula</term><term>Scelidosaurus</term><term>Sereno</term><term>Serration</term><term>Sister group</term><term>Skull</term><term>Skull length</term><term>Southern africa</term><term>Special foramina</term><term>Splenial</term><term>Squamosal</term><term>Stormberg</term><term>Stormberg series</term><term>Stratigraphical</term><term>Subequal</term><term>Sulcus</term><term>Supraoccipital</term><term>Supratemporal</term><term>Supratemporal fenestra</term><term>Supratemporal fenestrae</term><term>Surangular</term><term>Sutural</term><term>Suture</term><term>Sutured</term><term>Symphysis</term><term>Synapomorphy</term><term>Systematic palaeontology</term><term>Systematics</term><term>Taxon</term><term>Taxon numbers</term><term>Taxonomic</term><term>Taxonomy</term><term>Tendon</term><term>Theropod</term><term>Thulborn</term><term>Thyreophoran</term><term>Tooth replacement</term><term>Topology</term><term>Triassic</term><term>Trigeminal</term><term>Trigeminal fossa</term><term>Trochanter</term><term>Tubercle</term><term>Tucki</term><term>Unpubl</term><term>Upchurch</term><term>Upper elliot formation</term><term>Upper margin</term><term>Upper portion</term><term>Upper triassic</term><term>Ventral</term><term>Ventral edge</term><term>Ventral margin</term><term>Ventral process</term><term>Ventral surface</term><term>Ventral view</term><term>Ventrally</term><term>Ventrolateral</term><term>Vertebra</term><term>Vertebrate</term><term>Vertebrate paleontology</term><term>Vomer</term><term>Weishampel</term><term>Weishampel witmer</term><term>Witmer</term><term>Yates</term><term>Yinlong</term><term>Zhao</term><term>Zoological</term><term>Zoological journal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abbreviation</term><term>Abrictosaurus</term><term>Abrictosaurus consors</term><term>Academic press</term><term>Accessory</term><term>Accessory ridges</term><term>Acta</term><term>Active tooth replacement</term><term>Adductor</term><term>Adductor chamber</term><term>Adductor fossa</term><term>Adductor mandibulae externus</term><term>Adductor muscles</term><term>Adjacent crowns</term><term>African museum</term><term>Agilisaurus</term><term>Alveolar foramina</term><term>Alveolar margin</term><term>Alveolus</term><term>Ange</term><term>Anges</term><term>Angustidens</term><term>Anterior</term><term>Anterior margin</term><term>Anterior process</term><term>Anteriorly</term><term>Anterodorsal</term><term>Anterolateral</term><term>Anteromedial</term><term>Anteroposterior</term><term>Anteroposteriorly</term><term>Anteroventral</term><term>Antorbital</term><term>Antorbital fossa</term><term>Apical</term><term>Apicobasally</term><term>Archaeoceratops</term><term>Arched diastema</term><term>Archive</term><term>Archosaur</term><term>Articular</term><term>Articular facets</term><term>Articular glenoid</term><term>Articulates</term><term>Articulation</term><term>Attened</term><term>Attridge</term><term>Autapomorphies</term><term>Barrett</term><term>Basal</term><term>Basal articulation</term><term>Basal ceratopsians</term><term>Basal ornithischians</term><term>Basal ornithischians lesothosaurus</term><term>Basal ornithopods</term><term>Basal position</term><term>Basioccipital</term><term>Basipterygoid</term><term>Basipterygoid process</term><term>Basipterygoid processes</term><term>Basisphenoid</term><term>Beak</term><term>Benton</term><term>Berkeley</term><term>Bevelled</term><term>Braincase</term><term>Buccal</term><term>Butler</term><term>California press</term><term>Cambridge university press</term><term>Caniniform</term><term>Caniniforms</term><term>Cape town</term><term>Caudal</term><term>Ceratopsian</term><term>Changchunsaurus</term><term>Charig</term><term>Charig crompton</term><term>Cheek teeth</term><term>Cingulum</term><term>Clade</term><term>Clarens</term><term>Clarens formation</term><term>Complete skull</term><term>Condyle</term><term>Connective tissue</term><term>Consors</term><term>Contra</term><term>Contra thulborn</term><term>Coronoid</term><term>Coronoid eminence</term><term>Coronoid process</term><term>Cranial</term><term>Cranial anatomy</term><term>Cranial nerve</term><term>Cranial pneumatism</term><term>Cretaceous</term><term>Crocodilian</term><term>Crompton</term><term>Crompton attridge</term><term>Crompton charig</term><term>Crown</term><term>Dentary</term><term>Dentary caniniform</term><term>Dentary crowns</term><term>Dentary dentition</term><term>Dentary symphysis</term><term>Dentary teeth</term><term>Dentary tooth</term><term>Denticle</term><term>Dentition</term><term>Diapsid</term><term>Diastema</term><term>Digit</term><term>Dinosaur</term><term>Dinosauria</term><term>Distal margins</term><term>Distally</term><term>Dodson</term><term>Dorsal</term><term>Dorsal edge</term><term>Dorsal margin</term><term>Dorsal portion</term><term>Dorsal surface</term><term>Dorsal view</term><term>Dorsally</term><term>Dorsolateral</term><term>Dorsoventrally</term><term>Early evolution</term><term>Early jurassic</term><term>Eastern cape province</term><term>Ectopterygoid</term><term>Elliot</term><term>Enamel</term><term>Epipophyses</term><term>Exoccipital</term><term>Extant diapsids</term><term>External antorbital fenestra</term><term>External mandibular fenestra</term><term>External surface</term><term>Externus</term><term>Facet</term><term>Femoral</term><term>Femur</term><term>Fenestra</term><term>Foramen</term><term>Foramen magnum</term><term>Fossa</term><term>Fossa trochanteris</term><term>Fossil</term><term>Fruitadens</term><term>Full list</term><term>Further preparation</term><term>Galton</term><term>Gauthier</term><term>Geranosaurus</term><term>Glenoid</term><term>Goyocephale</term><term>Greater trochanter</term><term>Groove</term><term>Haughton</term><term>Herbivorous</term><term>Herrerasaurus</term><term>Herschel district</term><term>Heterodontosaur</term><term>Heterodontosaurid</term><term>Heterodontosauridae</term><term>Heterodontosauridae marginocephalia clade</term><term>Heterodontosaurids</term><term>Heterodontosaurus</term><term>Heterodontosaurus tucki</term><term>Heterodontosaurus tucki crompton charig</term><term>Holliday</term><term>Holliday witmer</term><term>Holotype</term><term>Holotype specimen</term><term>Hopson</term><term>Humerus</term><term>Hypsilophodon</term><term>Ilium</term><term>Infratemporal</term><term>Infratemporal fenestra</term><term>Inner wall</term><term>Insertion</term><term>Inset</term><term>Ischial</term><term>Ischium</term><term>Ivpp</term><term>Jugal</term><term>Jugal boss</term><term>Jurassic</term><term>Karoo</term><term>Kitching</term><term>Labial</term><term>Labial surface</term><term>Lacrimal</term><term>Lamina</term><term>Lanasaurus</term><term>Langer benton</term><term>Late triassic</term><term>Lateral</term><term>Lateral aspect</term><term>Lateral margins</term><term>Lateral surface</term><term>Lateral surfaces</term><term>Lateral view</term><term>Lateral wall</term><term>Lateral walls</term><term>Laterally</term><term>Laterosphenoid</term><term>Lesothosaurus</term><term>Lingual</term><term>Linnean</term><term>Linnean society</term><term>Little support</term><term>Lower cretaceous</term><term>Lower jaws</term><term>Lower jurassic</term><term>Luca</term><term>Lycorhinus</term><term>Main body</term><term>Mamem</term><term>Mamep</term><term>Mames</term><term>Mamp</term><term>Mandible</term><term>Mandibulae</term><term>Mandibular</term><term>Manual phalanges</term><term>Manus</term><term>Margin</term><term>Marginocephalia</term><term>Marginocephalian</term><term>Maryanska</term><term>Matrix</term><term>Maxilla</term><term>Maxillary</term><term>Maxillary crowns</term><term>Maxillary dentition</term><term>Maxillary ridge</term><term>Maxillary teeth</term><term>Maxillary tooth</term><term>Medial</term><term>Medial surface</term><term>Medial view</term><term>Medially</term><term>Median</term><term>Mediolateral</term><term>Mediolaterally</term><term>Mesial</term><term>Mesiodistally</term><term>Metacarpal</term><term>Metatarsal</term><term>Midline</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Mptp</term><term>Musculature</term><term>Narial</term><term>Narial fossa</term><term>Naris</term><term>Nasal</term><term>Natural history</term><term>Nhmuk</term><term>Norman barrett</term><term>Norman weishampel</term><term>Nova</term><term>Nsul</term><term>Oblique</term><term>Occiput</term><term>Occlusal</term><term>Occlusal surface</term><term>Occlusal surfaces</term><term>Occlusal view</term><term>Olshevsky</term><term>Ontogenetic</term><term>Opisthotic</term><term>Oral margin</term><term>Orbital</term><term>Orbital cavity</term><term>Orbital margin</term><term>Orientated</term><term>Original specimen</term><term>Ornithischia</term><term>Ornithischian</term><term>Ornithischian dinosaurs</term><term>Ornithischian outgroups</term><term>Ornithopod</term><term>Ornithopod dinosaurs</term><term>Ornithopoda</term><term>Orodromeus</term><term>Osteological</term><term>Osteological correlates</term><term>Osteology</term><term>Ostrom</term><term>Other heterodontosaurids</term><term>Other ornithischians</term><term>Other specimens</term><term>Outgroups</term><term>Pachycephalosaur</term><term>Palaeontology</term><term>Palatal</term><term>Palate</term><term>Palatine</term><term>Paleontology</term><term>Palpebral</term><term>Paraquadratic</term><term>Paraquadratic foramen</term><term>Parasphenoid</term><term>Parietal</term><term>Parietals</term><term>Paroccipital</term><term>Paroccipital process</term><term>Paroccipital processes</term><term>Paroccipital wing</term><term>Paroccipital wings</term><term>Partial skull</term><term>Peduncle</term><term>Pendent</term><term>Pers</term><term>Phalange</term><term>Phylogenetic</term><term>Phylogenetic analysis</term><term>Phylogenetic position</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Plesiomorphic</term><term>Plesiomorphy</term><term>Pneumatism</term><term>Pocc</term><term>Porro</term><term>Postacetabular</term><term>Postacetabular process</term><term>Postcaniniform</term><term>Postcaniniform crowns</term><term>Postcranial</term><term>Postcranial skeleton</term><term>Postdentary</term><term>Postdentary bones</term><term>Posterior</term><term>Posterior antorbital fenestra</term><term>Posterior edge</term><term>Posterior margin</term><term>Posterior margins</term><term>Posterior portion</term><term>Posterior ridges</term><term>Posteriorly</term><term>Posterodorsal</term><term>Posterodorsally</term><term>Posterolateral</term><term>Posterolateral premaxillary process</term><term>Posterolateral process</term><term>Postorbital</term><term>Preacetabular</term><term>Preacetabular process</term><term>Prearticular</term><term>Predentary</term><term>Prefrontal</term><term>Premaxilla</term><term>Premaxillary</term><term>Premaxillary caniniform</term><term>Premaxillary crowns</term><term>Premaxillary teeth</term><term>Prenocephale</term><term>Preorbital</term><term>Prepubic</term><term>Prepubic process</term><term>Presacral vertebrae</term><term>Primary ridge</term><term>Principal ridge</term><term>Psittacosauridae</term><term>Pterygoid</term><term>Pterygoid wing</term><term>Pterygoideus</term><term>Pterygoids</term><term>Pubic</term><term>Pubic peduncle</term><term>Pubis</term><term>Quadrate</term><term>Quadrate shaft</term><term>Quadrate wing</term><term>Quadratojugal</term><term>Raath</term><term>Ramus</term><term>Recess</term><term>Recurved</term><term>Replacement crown</term><term>Replacement crowns</term><term>Reptile</term><term>Reptilia</term><term>Retroarticular</term><term>Retroarticular process</term><term>Right side</term><term>Robust</term><term>Romer</term><term>Rostral</term><term>Royal society</term><term>Rugose</term><term>Sagittal</term><term>Sagittal crest</term><term>Santa luca</term><term>Saurischian</term><term>Sauropodomorphs</term><term>Scalpridens</term><term>Scapula</term><term>Scelidosaurus</term><term>Sereno</term><term>Serration</term><term>Sister group</term><term>Skull</term><term>Skull length</term><term>Southern africa</term><term>Special foramina</term><term>Splenial</term><term>Squamosal</term><term>Stormberg</term><term>Stormberg series</term><term>Stratigraphical</term><term>Subequal</term><term>Sulcus</term><term>Supraoccipital</term><term>Supratemporal</term><term>Supratemporal fenestra</term><term>Supratemporal fenestrae</term><term>Surangular</term><term>Sutural</term><term>Suture</term><term>Sutured</term><term>Symphysis</term><term>Synapomorphy</term><term>Systematic palaeontology</term><term>Systematics</term><term>Taxon</term><term>Taxon numbers</term><term>Taxonomic</term><term>Taxonomy</term><term>Tendon</term><term>Theropod</term><term>Thulborn</term><term>Thyreophoran</term><term>Tooth replacement</term><term>Topology</term><term>Triassic</term><term>Trigeminal</term><term>Trigeminal fossa</term><term>Trochanter</term><term>Tubercle</term><term>Tucki</term><term>Unpubl</term><term>Upchurch</term><term>Upper elliot formation</term><term>Upper margin</term><term>Upper portion</term><term>Upper triassic</term><term>Ventral</term><term>Ventral edge</term><term>Ventral margin</term><term>Ventral process</term><term>Ventral surface</term><term>Ventral view</term><term>Ventrally</term><term>Ventrolateral</term><term>Vertebra</term><term>Vertebrate</term><term>Vertebrate paleontology</term><term>Vomer</term><term>Weishampel</term><term>Weishampel witmer</term><term>Witmer</term><term>Yates</term><term>Yinlong</term><term>Zhao</term><term>Zoological</term><term>Zoological journal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Reptile</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The cranial anatomy of the Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962 is described in detail for the first time on the basis of two principal specimens: the holotype (SAM‐PK‐K337) and referred skull (SAM‐PK‐K1332). In addition several other specimens that have a bearing on the interpretation of the anatomy and biology of Heterodontosaurus are described. The skull and lower jaw of Heterodontosaurus are compact and robust but perhaps most notable for the heterodont dentition that merited the generic name. Details of the cranial anatomy are revealed and show that the skull is unexpectedly specialized in such an early representative of the Ornithischia, including: the closely packed, hypsodont crowns and ‘warping’ of the occlusal surfaces (created by progressive variation in the angulation of wear on successive crowns) seen in the cheek dentition; the unusual sutural relationships between the bones along the dorsal edge of the lower jaw; the very narrow, deeply vaulted palate and associated structures on the side wall of the braincase; and the indications of cranial pneumatism (more commonly seen in basal archosaurs and saurischian dinosaurs). Evidence for tooth replacement (which has long been recognized, despite frequent statements to the contrary) is suggestive of an episodic, rather than continuous, style of tooth replacement that is, yet again, unusual in diapsids generally and particularly so amongst ornithischian dinosaurs. Cranial musculature has been reconstructed and seems to conform to that typically seen in diapsids, with the exception of the encroachment of M. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis across the lateral surface of the temporal region and external surface of the lower jaw. Indications, taken from the unusual shape of the occlusal surfaces of the cheek dentition and jaw musculature, are suggestive of a novel form of jaw action in this dinosaur. The taxonomy of currently known late Karoo‐aged heterodontosaurids from southern Africa is reviewed. Although complicated by the inadequate nature of much of the known material, it is concluded that two taxa may be readily recognized: H. tucki and Abrictosaurus consors. At least one additional taxon is recognized within the taxa presently named Lanasaurus and Lycorhinus; however, both remain taxonomically problematic and their status needs to be further tested and may only be resolved by future discoveries. The only other named taxon, Geranosaurus atavus, represents an invalid name. The recognition of at least four distinct taxa indicates that the heterodontosaurids were speciose within the late Karoo ecosystem. The systematics of Heterodontosaurus and its congeners has been analysed, using a restricted sample of taxa. A basal (nongenasaurian) position within Ornithischia is re‐affirmed. There are at least four competing hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic placement of the Heterodontosauridae, so the evidence in support of the various hypotheses is reviewed in some detail. At present the best‐supported hypothesis is the one which places Heterodontosauridae in a basal (non‐genasaurian) position; however, the evidence is not fully conclusive and further information is still needed in respect of the anatomy of proximate outgroups, as well as more complete anatomical details for other heterodontosaurids. Heterodontosaurids were not such rare components of the late Karoo ecosystem as previously thought; evidence also suggests that from a phylogenetic perspective they occupied a potentially crucial position during the earliest phases of ornithischian dinosaur evolution. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Bavière</li><li>District de Haute-Bavière</li><li>Illinois</li><li>Massachusetts</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li><li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li><li>Munich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Charig, Alan J" sort="Charig, Alan J" uniqKey="Charig A" first="Alan J." last="Charig">Alan J. Charig</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Norman, David B" sort="Norman, David B" uniqKey="Norman D" first="David B." last="Norman">David B. Norman</name></region><name sortKey="Butler, Richard J" sort="Butler, Richard J" uniqKey="Butler R" first="Richard J." last="Butler">Richard J. Butler</name><name sortKey="Norman, David B" sort="Norman, David B" uniqKey="Norman D" first="David B." last="Norman">David B. Norman</name><name sortKey="Porro, Laura B" sort="Porro, Laura B" uniqKey="Porro L" first="Laura B." last="Porro">Laura B. Porro</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Crompton, Alfred W" sort="Crompton, Alfred W" uniqKey="Crompton A" first="Alfred W." last="Crompton">Alfred W. Crompton</name></region><name sortKey="Porro, Laura B" sort="Porro, Laura B" uniqKey="Porro L" first="Laura B." last="Porro">Laura B. Porro</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bavière"><name sortKey="Butler, Richard J" sort="Butler, Richard J" uniqKey="Butler R" first="Richard J." last="Butler">Richard J. Butler</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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